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[1] OECD, OECD Digital Economy Outlook 2020 (Paris: OECD Publishing, 2020).
[2] Jeongmin Seo et al., “Global Flows: The Ties That Bind in an Interconnected World,” McKinsey Global Institute, Discussion Paper, November 15, 2022.
[3] APEC Committee on Trade and Investment, “Economic Impact of Adoption Digital Trade Rules: Evidence from APEC Member Economies,” March 2023.
[4] APEC, Digital Economy Steering Group.
[5] APEC, “APEC Putrajaya Vision 2040,” November 2020.
[6] APEC, “2023 Leaders’ Declaration,” November 2023.
[7] Joshua P. Meltzer, “Towards International Cooperation on Foundational AI Models".
[8] “U.S. 2023 APEC Outcomes,” U.S. Department of State, Fact Sheet, November 17, 2023.
[9] The Global Cooperation Arrangement for Privacy Enforcement.
[10] The Global Cross-Border Privacy Rules Declaration.
[11] APEC Committee on Trade and Investment, “Non-binding Principles for Facilitating Access to Open Government Data in the APEC Region,”.
[12] “Recommendations for Cloud Transformation in APEC,” APEC, August 2023.
[13] “Recommendations for Cloud Transformation in APEC (Endorsed),” APEC, August 2023.
[14] “Annex 1: Principles for the Interoperability of Electronic Invoicing Systems in the APEC Region,” APEC, 2023..
[15] APEC Committee on Trade and Investment, “Economic Impact of Adoption Digital Trade Rules,” 31.