***

[1] David Jacob, “If the US Doesn’t Thwart China’s Effort to Become Semiconductor Self-Sufficient, Climate Change Might,” South China Morning Post, March 28, 2023, https://www.scmp.com/comment/opinion/article/3214995/if-us-doesnt-thwart-chinas-efforts-be-semiconductor-self-sufficient-climate-change-might.
[2] Cited in Li Yuan, “Xi Jinping’s Vision of Technological Reliance Runs into Reality,” New York Times, August 29, 2022, https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/29/technology/china-semiconductors-technology.html?auth=login-google1tap&login=google1tap.
[3] Gregory C. Allen, “China’s New Strategy for Waging the Microchip Tech War,” Center for Strategic and International Studies, May 3, 2023, https://www.csis.org/analysis/chinas-new-strategy-waging-microchip-tech-war.
[4] Nir Kshetri, “The Economics of Chip War: China’s Struggle to Develop the Semiconductor Industry,” Computer, Vol. 56, June 2023, https://www.computer.org/csdl/magazine/co/2023/06/10132020/1NnHezc8uqs.
[5] Qi Wang, Nan Huang, Zhuo Chen, et al., “Environmental data and facts in the semiconductor manufacturing industry: An unexpected high water and energy consumption situation,” Water Cycle, Vol. 4 2023, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666445323000041.
[6] Idem.
[7] Chris Jones and Edwards Vacuum, “Water Challenges for the Semiconductor Industry,” Semiconductor Digest, October 22, 2022, https://www.semiconductor-digest.com/water-supply-challenges-for-the-semiconductor-industry/.
[8] Qi Wang, Nan Huang, Hanying Cai, et al. “Water strategies and practices for sustainable development in the semiconductor industry,” Water Cycle, Vol. 4 2023, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666445322000277
[9] Elizabeth Wishnick, “Water with your Chips? Semiconductors and Water Scarcity in China,” The Diplomat, August 13, 2021, https://thediplomat.com/2021/08/water-with-your-chips-semiconductors-and-water-scarcity-in-china/.
[10] Arran Hope, “China’s Top 10 Semiconductor Firms,” The China Project, February 3, 2023, https://thechinaproject.com/2023/02/03/chinas-top-10-semiconductor-firms/.
[11] The most recent data was for 2021. “Water Consumption: City: Daily per Capita: Residential: Tianjin,”
https://www.ceicdata.com/en/china/water-consumption-daily-per-capita-residential/cn-water-consumption-city-daily-per-capita-residential-tianjin.
[12] China Water Risk, “2022 China State of the Ecology & Environment Review,” July 21, 2023, https://chinawaterrisk.org/resources/analysis-reviews/2022-state-of-ecology-environment-report-review/
[13] The latest data was from 2021. “Water Consumption: City: Daily per Capita: Residential: Beijing,”
https://www.ceicdata.com/en/china/water-consumption-daily-per-capita-residential/cn-water-consumption-city-daily-per-capita-residential-beijing.
[14] “深入学习贯彻习近平关于治水的重要论述》出版发行”[In-Depth Study and Implementation of Xi Jinping’s Important Discussions on Water Control Published], July 19, 2023, http://paper.people.com.cn/rmrb/html/2023-07/19/nw.D110000renmrb_20230719_2-01.htm
[15] Jacob.