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[2] "Global smartphone market soared 7% in 2024 as vendors prepare for tricky 2025," Canalys, February 3, 2025, https://www.canalys.com/newsroom/worldwide-smartphone-market-2024.
[3] Adrian Diaconescu, "Full new Q1 2025 smartphone market report confirms Samsung's supremacy over Apple," Phone Arena, April 30, 2025, https://www.phonearena.com/news/samsung-supremacy-over-apple-confirmed-full-new-q1-2025-smartphone-market-report_id169972. Some sources report shipments and others sales, leading to discrepancies in market shares between sources.
[4] StatCounter, "Mobile Vendor Market Share Worldwide and by Region, Mar 2024 - Apr 2025," GlobalStats, April 2025, https://gs.statcounter.com/vendor-market-share/mobile/worldwide.
[5] Shin-Horng Chen and Pei-Chang Wen, "The Evolution of China’s Mobile Phone Industry and Good-Enough Innovation," in Yu Zhou, William Lazonik, and Yifei Sun, China as an Innovation Nation, Oxford University Press, 2016, pp. 261-282, https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198753568.003.0010.
[6] Gartner, 2013.
[7] Gartner, 2013.
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[9] StatCounter, "Mobile Vendor Market Share Worldwide and by Region, India," GlobalStats, Several Years, https://gs.statcounter.com/vendor-market-share/mobile/india.
[10] Qiu Xiaofen, "Chinese smartphone giants unite to challenge Apple’s grip on the high-end market," KrAsia, November 6, 2024, https://kr-asia.com/chinese-smartphone-giants-unite-to-challenge-apples-grip-on-the-high-end-market.
[11] "China’s subsidy program favors local smartphone brands," Tech in Asia, January 9, 2025, https://www.techinasia.com/news/chinas-subsidy-program-favors-local-smartphone-brands.
[12] Asif Iqbal Shaik, "Samsung makes way more profit than other Android smartphone brands," SamMobile, May 8, 2023, https://www.sammobile.com/news/samsung-profit-more-other-android-smartphone-brands-q1-2023/.
[13] "Labor Costs, Geopolitics, Pandemic, Chinese Mobile Phone Brands Accelerate Deployment of Overseas Production," TrendForce, July 21, 2022, https://www.trendforce.com/news/2022/07/21/labor-costs-geopolitics-pandemic-chinese-mobile-phone-brands-accelerate-deployment-of-overseas-production/.
[14] "The Top 10 Mobile Manufacturing Countries (Updated 2025)," MobilityArena, April 5, 2025, https://mobilityarena.com/top-mobile-manufacturing-countries-in-the-world/.
[15] "Apple Faces $900M Tariff Hit as Tim Cook Dodges Price Hike Questions," Apple Magazine, May 4, 2025, https://applemagazine.com/apple-faces-900m-tariff-hit-as-tim-cook-dodges/; Mark Gurman, “Apple Renews Fears About Tariffs, China With Wobbly Report,” Bloomberg, May 2, 2025, https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/technology/apple-renews-fears-about-tariffs-china-with-wobbly-report/ar-AA1E0JTA?ocid=BingNewsSerp.
[16] John Liu and Nectar Gan, "China quietly rolls back retaliatory tariffs on some US-made semiconductors, import agencies say," CNN, April 25, 2025, https://www.cnn.com/2025/04/25/business/china-us-tariffs-semiconductors-exemptions-hnk-intl/index.html.
[17] T.C. Sottek, "Google pulls Huawei’s Android license, forcing it to use open source version" The Verge, May 19, 2019, https://www.theverge.com/2019/5/19/18631558/google-huawei-android-suspension; Joe McDonald, "Huawei: Smartphone chips running out under US sanctions," AP, August 8, 2020, https://apnews.com/general-news-270e93e985733a4d086c06a01375cea0.
[18] Gareth Corfield, "China makes microchip breakthrough in blow to Biden’s tech sanctions," The Telegraph, September 4, 2023, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2023/09/04/china-microchip-breakthrough-blow-bidens-tech-sanctions/; Juliana Liu and Hassan Tayir, "Huawei’s new homegrown Chinese smartphone takes on Apple and Android," CNN Business, November 26, 2024, https://edition.cnn.com/2024/11/26/tech/china-huawei-harmony-os-mate70-hnk-intl/index.html.
[19] Karen Freifeld and Arsheeya Bajwa, "Trump administration to rescind and replace Biden-era global AI chip export curbs," Reuters, May 7, 2025, https://www.reuters.com/business/trump-administration-will-rescind-biden-era-ai-chip-export-curbs-bloomberg-news-2025-05-07/.